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→Common disorders
* Primary [[insomnia]]: Chronic difficulty in falling asleep and/or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for these symptoms.
* [[Bruxism]]: Involuntarily grinding or clenching of the teeth while sleeping.
* [[Delayed sleep phase syndrome]] (DSPS): inability to awaken and fall asleep at socially acceptable times but no problem with sleep maintenance, a disorder of [[circadian rhythm]]s. (Other such disorders are [[advanced sleep phase syndrome]] (ASPS), [[non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome]] (Non-24), and [[irregular sleep wake rhythm]], all much less common than DSPS, as well as the transient [[jet lag]] and [[shift work sleep disorder]].)
* [[Hypopnea|Hypopnea syndrome]]: Abnormally shallow breathing or slow respiratory rate while sleeping.
* [[Narcolepsy]]: [[Excessive daytime sleepiness]] (EDS) often culminating in falling asleep spontaneously but unwillingly at inappropriate times.
*[[Cataplexy]]: a sudden weakness in the motor muscles that can result in collapse to the floor.* [[Night terror]]: ''Pavor nocturnus'', sleep terror disorder: abrupt awakening from sleep with behavior consistent with [[fear|or terror]].
* [[Parasomnia]]s: Disruptive sleep-related events involving inappropriate actions during sleep; sleep walking and night-terrors are examples.
* [[Periodic limb movement disorder]] (PLMD): Sudden involuntary movement of arms and/or legs during sleep, for example kicking the legs. Also known as [[nocturnal myoclonus]]. See also [[Hypnic jerk]], which is not a disorder.
* [[Rapid eye movement behavior disorder]] (RBD): Acting out violent or dramatic dreams while in REM sleep (REM sleep disorder or RSD)
* [[Restless legs syndrome]] (RLS): An irresistible urge to move legs. RLS sufferers often also have PLMD.
* Situational [[circadian rhythm sleep disorder]]s: [[shift work sleep disorder]] (SWSD) and [[jet lag]].
* Sleep apnea, and mostly [[obstructive sleep apnea]]: Obstruction of the airway during sleep, causing lack of sufficient deep sleep; often accompanied by snoring. Other forms of [[sleep apnea]] are less common. The air is blocked from entering into the lungs, causing the individual to unconsciously gasp for air. The individual will pause for an average of ten seconds in order to breathe. This is commonly found in overweight, middle-aged men but is also found in people who have suffered from stroke.{{cn|date=December 2011}}* [[Sleep paralysis]]: is characterized by temporary [[paralysis]] of the body shortly before or after sleep. Sleep paralysis may be accompanied by [[visual]], [[sound|auditory]] or [[tactile]] [[hallucinations]]. Not a disorder unless severe. Often seen as part of narcolepsy.* [[Sleepwalking]] or ''somnambulism'': Engaging in activities that are normally associated with wakefulness (such as [[eating]] or [[clothing|dressing]]), which may include walking, without the conscious knowledge of the subject.* [[Nocturia]]: A frequent need to get up and go to the bathroom to urinate at night. It differs from [[Enuresis]], or bed-wetting, in which the person does not arouse from sleep, but the bladder nevertheless empties.<ref>[http://www.sleepfoundation.org/article/sleep-related-problems/nocturia-and-sleep www.sleepfoundation.org]</ref>* [[Somniphobia]]: a dread of sleep.
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